p. 163: Louis, son of the
king of
p. 167: six years on pilgrimage: i.e. the crusade of 1248-54.
p. 167: my Lord Louis: Louis, eldest son of Louis IX (d. 1260).
p. 169: Gilles Le Brun
was from the imperial territory in the
p. 169: Robert de Sorbon
(1201-74): his hostel for students in
p. 170: King Thibaut
(1253-70) was king of
p. 170: 'Predicants' =
Dominicans; Provins was a chief town in
p. 170: '
p. 171: Prince Philippe: Philip III (1270-85), father of 'the present king', Philip IV (1285-1316).
p. 173: Guillaume, bishop
of
p. 176: John de Nesle,
count of
p. 178: peace with the
king of
p. 182: Louis's mother:
Blanche of Castile (1188-1252), daughter of King Alfonso VIII of
p. 182: Comte de Boulogne:
Philip Hurepel, count (by marriage) of
p. 182: Comte de Bretagne
(=
p. 183: 'the young Comte
Henri' (son of Count Henry 'the Generous') joined the Third Crusade and
married the heiress to the throne of the
p. 184:
p. 186: 'the great Comte
Gautier de Brienne': Count Gautier (Walter) IV of Brienne settled in the
East where he became lord of
p. 187: Saumur: this is in 1241.
p. 187: Comte de Poitiers:
Alphonse, younger brother of the king and later count
of
p. 187: 'was set to carve
his meat.': J, then aged about 17, acted as a
squire to his lord, Thibaut IV of
p. 187: Comte de Artois:
Robert, the king's brother (d. 1250 in
p. 187: Imbert of Beaujeu:
constable of
p. 187: 'great King
Henry': Henry II of
p. 188: St Elizabeth:
daughter of the king of
p. 188: Taillebourg
(1242): Henry III of
p. 191: Louis took the
cross in 1244; he was probably influenced by the loss of
p. 191: Charles, comte of
p. 191: Hugues, duc de
p. 191: Guillaume, comte de Flandre (
p. 191: Hugues of St Pol:
d. 1248 in
p. 191: J tells nothing of his cousins' activities after their departure. For Gobert see also p. 233.
p. 192: 'I was not then
his vassal.': J was a vassal of Count Thibaut IV
of
p. 193: provost (prévôt): senior royal official. In canon law priests may not shed blood, although we later find J's chaplain doing just that. See p. 230.
p. 195: 'pilgrim's staff and wallet': crusaders were pilgrims - receiving the symbols of pilgrimage was distinct from the ritual of taking the cross.
p. 195: the Abbey of St-Urbain had been founded by J's ancestors, and J himself continued to act as lay patron. See pp. 332-4.
p. 197:
p. 197: Tartars: i.e. Mongols.
Envoys from Eljigidei, the Mongol commander in western
p. 198: the Empress of
Constantinople: Mary of Brienne, wife of Baldwin II, Latin emperor of
p. 199: Iconium: the
Turkish sultanate of central Anatolia with its capital at
p. 200:
p. 201: Prince of Morea:
William II of Villehardouin, prince of Achaea (1246-78), the Latin ruler of
southern
p. 202: Jean de Beaumont: one the king's chamberlains. He and J seem generally to have been at odds. See pp. 207-8, 270.
p. 202: Madame de Beirut:
Eschive of Montbéliard, widow of Balian of Ibelin, lord of
p. 203: 'the standard of
St Denis': the 'oriflamme' or standard of the Abbey of St Denis (near
p. 203: Comte de Jaffa:
John of Ibelin (d.1266), a cousin of Balian of Ibelin mentioned above. He was
one of the wealthiest magnates in the
p. 204: The legate: Odo
(or Eudes) of Châteauroux, cardinal bishop of
p. 206: King Jean: John
of Brienne, king (by marriage) of
p. 206: The Patriarch:
Robert, patriarch of
p. 206: Jean de Valery: see pp. 222-3, 238, 247.
p. 207: 'good custom of
the
p. 208: Geoffroy de
Sargines (or Sergines): a prominent member of the king's military
household. See pp. 239, 241, 256, 257, 272, 308. He
remained in the East after Louis's return to
p. 209: St Remigius: 1 October.
p. 211: St Nicholas: 6 October.
p. 213: Jocelin de Cornaut: see also p. 240.
p. 214: The sultan al-Salih Ayyub had died at Mansourah in November 1249. (See p. 200 for J's fictive account of the events surrounding his death.) His son and heir, al-Muazzam Turanshah, was far away in northern Syria at the time, and his widow, Shajar al-Durr, concealing the fact of al-Salih's death, appointed Fakhr al-Din ibn Shaykh al-Shuyukh ('Scecedin son of the sheik') commander in chief until Turanshah should arrive. As J reports (p. 230), Fakhr al-Din died in the battle of Mansourah in Feb. 1250. Turanshah arrived shortly afterwards; his murder in May 1250 is described by J (pp. 251-2).
p. 214: Pierre d'Avallon: a kinsman of J who later married a member of the Frankish-Syrian nobility and became lord of Adelon and constable of Tiberias (see p. 272).
p. 218: 'men of highest rank from overseas': the nobility of the crusader states in the East.
p. 226: Guy Mauvoisin: see also pp. 232-3, 269.
p. 227: Ali: not uncle of the Prophet Mohammed but his cousin and son-in-law. His adherents later became known as shi'ites. Though the Bedouin encountered by J were shi'ites, not all followed this branch of Islam. See p. 279.
p. 227: Old Man of the
Mountain: the Assassin leader based in Masyaf in northern
p. 232: Guy d'Ibelin and
his brother Baudouin: cousins of the count of
p. 232: Guillaume de Sennac (or Sonnac): master of the Templars, 1247-50. See p. 226.
p. 234: The Comte of Chalon was J's kinsman.
p. 235: bahariz:
The custom of training boys sold into slavery to form the élite corps in the
army was well established. The warriors, known as mamluks, had come to dominate
the Egyptian army, and it was members of their high command who in May
overthrew Turanshah and with him the Ayyubid dynasty which had ruled
p. 235: Halca (more usually Halqa): troops under the direct command of the sultan.
p. 236: Comte de Montfort
and the Comte de Bar: Amaury of Montfort was taken captive and Henry of Bar
was killed in or soon after the battle at
p. 236: Bundukdari: Baybars al-Bunduqdari, a leading member of the mamluk high-command involved in the death of Turanshah. He became sultan in 1260 and died in 1277. J may be alluding to an invasion of Cilician Armenia in 1266.
p. 236: seneschal, constable and marshal: it is anachronistic of J to suggest that the sultan had officers with these essentially European titles, but the underlying point that Turanshah replaced his father's senior officers with men from his own retinue and that the resentment thus caused led to his murder is correct.
p. 241: Philippe de
Montfort: (d.1277). Nephew of Simon de M. the Elder,
leader of the Albigensian crusade, and a cousin of Simon de M. the Younger, earl
of
p. 243: 'a Saracen from
the Emperor of
p. 245: The Emperor Frederick: J's great-aunt had married Frederick Barbarossa (1152-90), Frederick II's grandfather.
p. 245: Jean my good priest: see above p. 230.
p. 247: 'the reigning
Emperor of
p. 252: Faress-Eddin-Octay: i.e. Faris al-Din Aktay al-Jamadar, a leading mamluk emir. See p. 263. He was killed in the internecine power-struggle among the mamluks in 1254.
p. 255: The idea that the Muslims contemplated making Louis sultan is farfetched. I am not aware of evidence to corroborate this claim.
p. 257: Philippe de Nemours: Louis's chamberlain (d.1270). See also pp. 260, 271.
p. 258: Master of the Trinity: The Trinitarians were a religious order whose principal charitable work was the ransoming of prisoners.
p. 258: The Templars were noted as bankers; they could not give the king money from what were in effect safe-deposit boxes belonging to individual investors, and so they connived as this charade of having the money taken by force.
p. 266: Barthélemy: see p. 246. J was related to the lords of Montfaucon.
p. 267: Sephouri: i.e.
the Templar had been demoted and sent to run one of the Order's estates in the
p. 271: Prince of
p. 272: 'colts' = Old French 'poulains': a derogatory term used of descendants of crusaders born in the East.
p. 274: Sultan of
p. 275: King Baudouin of
p. 277: Old Man of the Mountain: see note to p. 227.
p. 281: Jean de
Valenciennes: A knight in Louis's entourage who married in the East and
became lord of
p. 281: Saida =
p. 281: Gautier de Brienne: see note to p. 186.
p. 282: Comte de Bar and Comte de Montfort: see note to p. 241.
p. 282: Tartars: see p. 197 and note. It is difficult to know how much of what follows was told J by Andrew of Longjumeau and how much represents largely fanciful tales about the Mongols circulating in the West.
p. 286: Gautier de
Brienne: the Khwarazmians, displaced by the Mongols from their homelands in
the Asiatic steppes around the Aral Sea, had entered
p. 289: Alenard: not identified. Possibly Waldemar, duke of S. Jutland (d. 1257).
p. 289: Philippe de Toucy:
a grandson of Agnes, sister of King Philip Augustus of
p. 289: Emperor of
p. 289: Vataces: John
III Vatatzes (1222-54), emperor of the Greek Byzantine successor-state based on
p. 292: 'sitting on their mantles': presumably on the bare earth, not on mats (see p. 291.)
p. 294: Comte d'Alençon: Peter,
fifth son of
p. 294: The queen: Margaret of Provence, Louis's wife.
p. 295: The treaty:
Louis's idea was to ally with the mamluk regime in
p. 295: Comte de Jaffa: John of Ibelin. See p. 203.
p. 295: Indulgences: remission
of penance had evidently been offered to those assisting in the
re-fortification of
p. 296: Elephant: probably
the animal Louis later gave Henry III of
p. 296: Comte d'Eu:
John son of Alphonse de Brienne, count of Eu (
p. 296: Prince of
p. 297: Greater
p. 297: Gautier of
Brienne: see above pp. 186, 281. His wife was Maria, sister of King Henry I
of
p. 297: Shah of
p. 297: Tabarie
(Tiberias): Tiberias was captured by the Muslims in 1247. Odo (Eudes) of
Montbéliard, constable of
p. 298: Safad: a
Templar castle in
p. 298: The engagement
described here is the battle of
p. 300: The truce between
p. 300: St Lazarus: a Military Order which included knights stricken with leprosy.
p. 301: St John the Evangelist: 6 May 1253.
p. 302: Lord of Arsuf: John
of Ibelin (d. 1258), brother of Guy and Baldwin of Ibelin (see p. 232), was
constable of
p. 303: Simon of Montbéliard: probably an error for Thibaut de Montléart.
p. 303: Maccabees:
leaders of Jewish resistance to Hellenistic rule. Maybe the site referred to
was Latrun, about half way between
p. 304: King Philippe:
Philip Augustus who was in the East in 1191 during the Third Crusade. Duke Hugh
III of
p. 304: King Richard:
the story of the duke of
p. 306: St Peter and
p. 307: Colts' ford: Passe
Poulain (Ras al-Naqura) to the north of
p. 397: Banyas: the
ancient Caesarea Philippi, north of the
p. 397: Philippe de
Montfort: lord of
p. 309: Olivier of Termes:
(d. 1275) See pp. 165, 321. A southern French noble who had
previously been suspected of harbouring pro-Cathar sympathies. He
returned to the East in 1264 and later became commander of the French garrison
in
p. 311:
p. 313: 'The Great
Comnenus, lord of Trebizond': Manuel Comnenus, emperor of Trebizond, a
Byzantine successor-state on the Black Sea coast of
p. 313:
p. 313: Lady Blanche: Louis's daughter born in 1253.
p. 314: Tortosa:
Tartus, north of
p. 314: Camlet: woollen cloth, traditionally of camel hair.
p. 314: prince of
p. 315: fossil fish
are to be found in the
p. 316: Queen of
p. 316: Queen Marguerite: Louis's queen, d. 1295.
p. 317: The legate, Odo (Eudes) of Châteauroux, returned to the West in Sept. 1254.
p. 318: St Mark: 24 April 1254.
p. 319: Mountain of the Cross: Stavrovouni - a hill-top monastery which owned the relic of the cross of the penitent thief crucified with Christ.
p. 319: John of Monson: see also p. 261.
p. 320: Archdeacon of
p. 322: St Nicholas of
Varangeville: near
p. 322: The present king's sister: Blanche, daughter of Philip III and sister of Philip IV, married Rudolf, son of the emperor Albert in 1300.
p. 323: Lampedusa: a
small island to the west of
p. 324: Pantalaria:
Pantelleria - between
p. 326: Our Lady of
Vauvert: Carthusian abbey near
p. 326: Blécourt: near Joinville (Haute-Marne).
p. 326: Hyères: in
p. 327: Olive: Olena
in southern
p. 328: Brother Hugh: Hugh de Digne (see p. 176).
p. 329: Aix:
p. 329:
p. 329: Comte de Chalon:
J's mother's brother who had married the heiress to the
p. 329: Jean de Bretagne:
John count of
p. 330: Thibaut V: see note to p. 316.
p. 332: J repeats the story recounted at pp. 177-8.
p. 332: St-Urbain, an abbey under J's own patronage. The dispute between J, the lay patron, and the bishop of Châlons, the local diocesan bishop, over how to proceed seems to have been settled in J's favour. The dispute came to head in 1261. See also p. 195.
p. 333: St Remi of Reims:
the ancient and wealthy abbey in the centre of
p. 334: King of
p. 335: Luxeuil: an ancient abbey in eastern France (Haute Saône).
p. 335: Gervais d'Escraines: see also pp, 320, 325.
p. 335: Thibaut de Bar: d. 1296.
p. 335: Henri de Luxembourg: d. 1288.
p. 335:
p. 336: Much of what follows from this point to the end of the book has been adapted by J from earlier accounts of Louis's life and miracles.
p. 337: General ordinance:
this dates to 1254. For a discussion, see W.C. Jordan, Louis IX and the
Challenge of the Crusade (
p. 341: Etienne Boileau:
he had been with Louis on crusade and became provost (prévôt) of
p. 343: Béguines: see translator's note at p. 359.
p. 344: Council of
p. 345: Lady Day: the feast of the Annunciation: 24 March 1267.
p. 345:
p. 345: The king's chapel:
the Sainte-Chapelle, built by Louis the house the Crown of Thorns, the relic of
Christ's Passion he had acquired from the emperor Baldwin II of
p. 346: His three sons: Philip, later King Philip III, Jean Tristram, count of Nevers, and Peter, count of Alençon.
p. 346: King of
p. 347: Louis's instructions to his son are taken from the Chroniques de Saint Denis.
p. 350: St Bartholomew: 24 August. Louis died 25 August 1270.
p. 350: St Denis: abbey in which many of the French kings were buried. Louis's remains were later transferred to the Sainte-Chapelle.
p. 351: the pope: In
1280 Pope Martin IV commissioned the archbishop of